Geopolitical tensions driving energy shift. India's ethanol blending programme has expanded from 1.5% to 20% over the past decade, now replacing 45 million barrels of imported crude oil annually. The initiative has saved the nation 1.44 trillion rupees in fuel import costs since 2014 while generating 40,000 crore rupees in farm revenue. However, manufacturers are pushing for higher blending ratios up to 27% and flex-fuel vehicle adoption amid rising crude prices from West Asia conflict. The expansion raises critical concerns about vehicle compatibility, fuel efficiency losses, and agricultural sustainability as farmers shift toward water-intensive crops like sugarcane and cereals to meet ethanol demand.
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